June 5, 2005
Chapter 2.
Child Speech
As a Biological Process.
Chapter Two
Fact Formulators
Data Stamp
Melinda O'Malley
Thursday, June 2, 2005 4:00pm
1) Differentiation:
Humans specialization of language and speech. Human language appears to be
unique to people.
2) Nature of Communication:
The manner in which humans communicate makes them special and unique.
Communication enables people to:
- Express emotion
- Refer to and describe events and objects
-
Combine sounds into complicated structures
Although animals and humans alike communicate, humans seem to be the only
creatures who have all three aspects of communication.
Researchers have attempted to teach Apes language, and although they can
communicate through actions and signs, they are phycically unable to speak because of
the structure of their mouth/body.
3) Rationalists vs Empiricists:
Rationalists believe that environment alone influences children to learn how to speak
through exposure to some language.
Empiricists (behaviorists) believe the mind is a "tabula-rasa" or blank slate at birth
and only experiences are important to the child's development of language.
Communication development is best described by using a combination of these
theories.
4) Categorization:
This helps humans interpret and explain chaotic or complex ideas. By perceptual
processes, figuring out what is going on occurs through inhibition, or the distruction of
information that is not critical.
Attention , perception, and conceptualization is where meaning is nurtured.
5) Linguistic Universals:
Aspects of grammar that appear in all languages. The recognition of differences
between vowels and consonants and the use of syllables is shared between all languages
Data Stamp
Cassandra Y. Deaton
Thursday, June 2, 2005 11:10 pm
1. Animals communicate emotions, but humans are the only species able to use speech to communicate.
2. The human brain is set up for language learning, and the throat and mouth are shaped for speech.
3. While there are linguistic universals that all languages recognize, no two languages have identical sets of sounds.
4. A child's ability to learn is partially predetermined by genetics, but it is also greatly influenced by their environment.
5. Even though Rationalists and Empiricists disagree on which factor plays a bigger role, genetics or environment, both factors are important and should not be disregarded.
Chapter Two
Word Wizards
Data Stamp
Kelli C. Jones
Wednesday, June 1, 2005 6:13 pm
Differentiation: In biology, it is when cells inside and outside of the embryo become less alike. Perceptual differentiation, however, is the ability to perceive individual items in context, and underlies formation of concepts. In both cases, it is to make or become different.
Instinctive: Genetically determined behavior; hereditary, innate behavior
Hemispheres: The two sides of the brain, known as the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Usually, adults have a larger left hemisphere which is dominant for language.
Linguistic Universals: Aspects of grammar that appear in all languages, for example the difference between vowels and consonants and the use of syllables.
Learning: Change that takes place in one animal's lifetime
Categorization: The ability to sort reality, which is chaotic and usually without categories except those into which human beings organize it for purposes of interpretation or explanation.
Concepts: Formed against background information; connect our perceptions with each other, giving our world coherence.
Chapter Two
Cyber Citer Summarizers
Data Stamp
Jennifer Lovette
Wednesday, June 1, 2005 9:25pm
Chapter 2 mainly discussed that even animals can communicate, but only humans use speech. The human brain is specialized for speech and the shape of our mouth and throat are related to our language and the way we develop language. Biology, heredity, and environment must also be considered in communication.
Data Stamp
Blaire E. Woodward
Thursday, June 2, 2005 4:33 pm
Biology has a major effect on language development, but environment is equally important. Empiricits see environment as more important, while rationalists see biology as more important. While language acquisition is an innate behavior, it is still important how we teach our children and students language. Speech is unique to humans because we are able to categorize information and group them into words. While chimpanzees have been taught how to communicate through sign language, they cannot group the signs together to form sentences. (Editor's note: Even though animals use sound to communicate, it does not have the representational or symbolic meaning of human speech.) Some reasons humans can do this is because of the shape of our mouth and brain and that our brain is structured for speech specialization. Language development has also been positively correlated with motor development. While everyone learns language differently across the world, there are many linguistic universals such as sound systems and the use of consonates and vowels.
Data Stamp
Brooke E. Parker [beparke@uark.edu]
Mon 6/6/2005 10:07 AM
Communication development of children is considered in terms of biology because their talk is as much a part of their natural development as growing teeth. The chapter takes a look at how the differentiation of speech and language is formed. Human communication is used to express emotion, refer to and describe events and objects, and combine sounds into complicated structures. The chapter goes on to discuss that the development of communicate seems to be associated with physical and motor development. It is important to realize that no two languages are made up of identical sets of sounds; however, there does seem to be one set of sounds from which all languages draw subsets. Rationalists and Emoiricists take different views on the processes of learning to speek. The key here is that either way you look at the development, environment does play a part in the child's learning. Children begin at young ages to categorize reality. This helps them to organize it for purposes of interpretation and explanation. Attention, perception, and conceptualization all play a key part as organizing categories.
Chapter Two
Quiz Questors
Data Stamp
Hayley Wages
Thursday, June 2, 2005 11:01 am
1. Which side of the brain dominates language development?
Answer: the left side
2. Aspects of grammar that appear in all languages are called_________.
Answer: linguistic universals
3. What is the ability to sort reality?
- attention
- perception
- categorization
Answer: categorization
4. Perceptual differentiation creates_________.
Answer:concepts
5. True or False:
If an adult's brain is injured, they will recover all language functioning.
Answer: False
Data Stamp
Zane J. Graham
Thursday, June 2, 2005 9:40 pm
Matching
1. differentiation
A. genetic structure determines how an individual will speak
2. left hemisphere B. specialization of cells
3. empiricist C. dominant for language
4. rationalist D. mind is a blank slate at birth
Answers 1.B, 2.C, 3.D, 4.A
Short Answer
What are three things that human communicators can do?
- Express emotions
- Refer to and describe events and objects
- Combine sounds into complicated structures
*This is the next step toward THE One World Language.
Step Sixteen: *Your proper nouns imprisoned by the Sith.
Planet Gnosis is ruled by Freddie A. Bowles, a professional educator and fellow at the Department of Curriculum and Instruction, the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville. An independent entity in the CornDancer consortium of planets, Planet Gnosis is dedicated to the exploration of education and teaching. CornDancer is a developmental website for the mind and spirit maintained by webmistress Freddie A. Bowles of the Planet Earth. Submissions are invited.
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