June 11, 2005
Chapter 7.
Development of Syntax
Chapter Seven
Fact Formulators
Data Stamp
Jennifer Lovette
Thursday, June 9, 2005 7:29pm
1. One word utterances are a form of speech, even though they may not make sense.
2. When children start using multi-word utterances, they show a preference for some word
orders. This suggests that children at this stage use a simplified grammar.
3. Children's syntax develops through stages.
4. In development of grammar, each repetition of the cycle generates information that is
more specific, detailed, reality-centered, and useful.
5. As children become mature language users, the complexity of their sentences and
meanings increase.
6. By age four or five, the child has acquired most of the basic principles of syntax.
Data Stamp
Melinda O'Malley
Friday, June 10, 2005 9:57pm
1. One Word Utterances:
One-word long meaningful utterances made by children that use some approximation
of adult words. These are also sometimes referred to as holophrases, or little sentences.
2. Multi-word Utterances:
The use of a simplified grammar with just two classes, called pivot grammar. This
includes the use of the "noun" class and the "everything else" class.
3. Predication:
An elegant system for presenting information about both figures and backgrounds.
Children begin communication development by paying attention to and organizing the
world around them. They develop semantic meanings and then pragmatic meanings.
4. Child Syntax:
- Stage I: Semantic roles and grammatical relations.
~multi-word utterances governed by semantic rule systems rather than syntactic.
-
Stage II: Grammatical morphemes and the modulation of meanings.
~over generalization of grammar rules.
-
Stage III: Modalities of the simple sentence.
~questions, imperatives, and negatives all appear.
-
Stage IV: Embedding of one sentence within another.
~highly complex syntax.
- Stage V: Coordination of simple sentences and propositional relations.
~learns to use complex kinds of conjoining sentences.
5. Propositional complexity:
Children become more mature as language users and more and more concepts begin
to appear within the same sentence.
Chapter Seven
Word Wizards
Data Stamp
Brooke E. Parker
Thursday, June 9, 2005 10:45 pm
syntax- Sentence structure
holophrases- Little sentences
pivot grammar- Grammar with just two classes. One class is basically nouns and the other class a mixed bag of everything else. The pivot words received their name from the observation that they rarely appear alone but only in combination with nouns.
generative transformational grammar- assumes people use some rather abstract notions of sentence structure that are not closely tied to meaning either semantic or pragmatic.
semantic relations- Use of language to reflect what they have learned about how objects, events, and people combine to make meanings.
semantic roles- What children have learned when they begin to combine words is not grammatical concepts like subject and predicate.
agent- that which causes the verb to happen.
patient- that which receives the force of the verb.
instrument- that which is used by the agent to do the verb.
predication- an elegant structuring system for presenting information about both figures and backgrounds.
predicate- the core of the proposition, an assertion about a state, action, or change of state.
Data Stamp
Kelli C. Jones
Friday, June 10, 2005 4:43 pm
Syntax: sentence structure
Holophrases: little sentences that seem to indicate that if the child knew enough about language or had a longer memory span, he or she would not say "kooka" but "I want a cookie."
Generative Transformational Grammar: assumes people use some rather abstract notions of sentence structure that are not closely tied to meaning--either semantic or pragmatic.
Semantic Relations: use language to reflect what they have learned about how objects, events, and people combine to make meanings.
Semantic Roles: what children have learned when they begin to combine words.
Inflectional Imperialism: tendency for one affix to drive others temporarily out of usage.
Propositions: thinking of sentences as "idea units."
Data Stamp
Zane J. Graham
Friday, June 10, 2005 9:39 pm
1. syntax- sentence structure.
2. semantic roles- what children learn when they begin to combine words. It is not grammatical concepts like subject and predicate.
3. inflection imperialism- the tendency for a child to formulate a rule, find cases in which it works well, and immediately generalize its use to many cases, some of which are inappropriate.
4. proposition- idea unit, every sentence expresses at least 1 idea or proposition.
5. predicate- the core of the proposition, it is an assertion about a state, action, or change of state.
Chapter Seven
Cyber Citer Summarizers
Data Stamp
Blaire E. Woodward
Friday, June 10, 2005 11:52 am
This chapter focuses on the syntax, or sentence structure, of language development. Children often begin with one-word utterances that are usually understood only by the primary care giver. The meaning of the child's utterances usually is put together by the situation in which they use their word. Children then move to the multi-word stage in which they prove that they know the importance of word order. It is not that they understand grammatical structure but that they understand how to categorize information. The chapter also discusses how adults often say that they cannot map out sentence structure but they do recognize when words in sentences are out of order. (Adults possess linguistic competence, but they often do not know how to express what they know.) Where children begin with syntax is different then where adults end. The child goes through 5 stages. Stage I is where the child recognizes semantic roles and
grammatical relations. Stage II is where the child begins to use grammatical morphemes and the modulation of meanings. Stage III is where the child recognizes the modalities of the simple sentence. Stage IV is where children begin to use relative clauses, embedded questions, and similar constructions. Stage V is where children learn to use more complex kinds of conjoining such as subordination. Children in Stage II often have a problem with over-generalization, where they relate a word to one thing and then begin to give the same word to similar things. As children get older, they begin to increase the complexity of their sentences. By age four or five, the child has acquired most of the basic principles of syntax.
Chapter Seven
Quiz Questors
Data Stamp
Hayley Wages
Thursday, June 9, 2005 11:09 am
1. What does syntax mean?
*rules for sentences
2. What do all sentences contain?
*subject and predicate
3. Who said that speech shows that children can understand some things about
semantic and pragmatic meanings?
*Roger Brown
4. The syntax of a language has 2 levels_______ ___________ and _______
__________.
*surface structure and deep structure
5. List the 5 stages of child syntax.
- Semantic roles and grammatical relations
- Grammatical morphemes and the modulation of meanings
- Modalities of the simple sentence
- Embedding of one sentence within another
- Coordination of simple sentences and propositional relations
Data Stamp
Cassandra Y. Deaton
Friday, June 10, 2005 11:33 pm
1. Children's one-word utterances are probably best associated with _________.
a. semantics b. syntax
2. One universal thing about sentences is that they have subjects and _________.
a. objects b. predicates
3. Children over generalize the rules of past tense __________ they learn regular verbs.
a. before b. after
4. Some researchers have demonstrated, that the child does not master some syntactic rules until as late as age 10 or 12.
a. True b. False
5. By age 4 or 5, the child has acquired most of the basic principles of syntax.
a. True b. False
Answer Key: 1. a 2. b 3. b 4. a 5. a
*This is the next step toward THE One World Language.
Step Sixteen: *Your proper nouns imprisoned by the Sith.
Planet Gnosis is ruled by Freddie A. Bowles, a professional educator and fellow at the Department of Curriculum and Instruction, the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville. An independent entity in the CornDancer consortium of planets, Planet Gnosis is dedicated to the exploration of education and teaching. CornDancer is a developmental website for the mind and spirit maintained by webmistress Freddie A. Bowles of the Planet Earth. Submissions are invited.
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