Chapters 7 and 8.
Four blondes and a brunette
Chapter 7
Goodwin Lawrence-Discussion Director
Sarah Sharp-Fact Formulator
Melissa Murray-Word Wizard
Julie McDaniel-Quiz Questor
Lindie McElroy-Cyber Citer
Chapter 7
Facts
 Researchers agree that children go through a stage during which most of their meaningful utterances are one word long.
The development of syntax begins rather later in childhood than once supposed.
Children start with simple grammar and develop more information about syntax until their grammar knowledge represents the mature language.
At about 18 months, children begin to learn syntax.
Syntax organizes language to show explicitly what the child has been doing mentally.
The syntax of language has two levels-surface structure and deep structure.
Vocabulary
Syntax-sentence structure
Holophrases-little sentences
Pivot Grammar-simplified grammar that helps them choose certain word orders over others.
Semantic Relations-they use language to reflect what they have learned about how objects, events, and people combine to make meaning.
Semantic Roles-from their experience with reality they learn about "agents" people who perform actions or who make things happen, and about "patients", people or objects that receive actions, change state, or move.
Grammatical Intuition-you know about the structure of sentences even though you don't know what you know it.
Quiz Questions
A child who begins to use grammatical transformations, and is between the age of 31 to 34 months is in what stage of child syntax?
*Stage III
What is the holophrase argument concerning?
*Answers vary-what children at the one-word utterance stage knows about syntax and what the child knows about the organization of reality
___________ __________ means that you know about the structure of sentences, even though you do not know what you know about it.
*Grammatical Intuition
__________ ____________ developed the linguistic analysis called case grammar study and wrote the book A First Language.
*Roger Brown
Data Stamp
Subject: chapter 7
Message no. 795
Author: Lindie McElroy (lmcelro)
Date: Monday, March 14, 2005 9:44pm
chapter 7 response
Interpersonal People
Chapter 8
Development of Pragmatics
Section 001
Group Members:
Lauren Eide- Discussion Leader
Sarah Amerson- Fact Formulator
Jennifer Doyle- Word Wizard
Erika Arnold- Quiz Questor
Catherine Apple- Cyber Citer
Definitions
Morphemes - A meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word, such as man, or a word element, such as -ed in walked, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts.
Illocutionary Force - The subject matter for the study of pragmatics.
Persuasion - Arguing, convincing, nagging, correcting, requesting, and commanding
Metacommunication - Communication about communication
Metalinguistic speech - speech that calls attention to the forms of language
Facts
Pragmatics: patterns of use
Speech acts: pragmatic units of discourse, or the relationship between speech and situation. Children learn not only to speak but when speech is appropriate.
- Participants, setting, sequence, and conventions of culture play a part in a speech act.
- The audience is important to speech.
- The physical location of where speech occurs is important for communication.
- Children depend on visual surroundings more than adults do.
- Speech can be out of context. Speech occurs in groups of adjacency pairs.
- Motherese offers patterns of sequence for children.
- Speech evolves out of the culture of a community.
Form follows function. Grammar follows pragmatics.
Types of speech acts: informing, persuading, speech play, and metacommunication.
- Informing is the focus of an event.
- Young children have a functional command of requesting. This is called persuasion. Aristotle wrote that it is a function of human communication.
- Speech Play: Children's play is often competitive and is host to verbal communication. Children at play learn life skills.
- Metacommunication is communication about communication. Framing is part of metacommunication where communication happens within a frame or context. A play frame for 3-6 year olds is marked by wording or role assignment.
- For young children, language is meaning.
Humans can communicate about communication.
Quiz questions
1. "I find the defendant guilty" is an example of a
[performance utterance].
2. Children use _________ in a setting to help interpret speech. (108)
- objects*
- sounds
- ears
- their head
3. Almost every utterance occurs within ________. (109)
- a sentence
- context
- sounds
- sequences
4. Communicative function refers to these types of speech acts_____________, _____________, ______________, _______________.
informing, persuading, speech play, and metacommunication (112)
Data Stamp
capple@uark.edu
Sent Monday, March 14, 2005 3:52 pm
To fbowles@uark.edu
Subject Chapter 8
Attachments chapter 8.doc
*This is the next step toward THE One World Language.
Step Sixteen: *Your dangling participle injected with botox.
Planet Gnosis is ruled by Freddie A. Bowles, a professional educator and fellow at the Department of Curriculum and Instruction, the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville. An independent entity in the CornDancer consortium of planets, Planet Gnosis is dedicated to the exploration of education and teaching. CornDancer is a developmental website for the mind and spirit maintained by webmistress Freddie A. Bowles of the Planet Earth. Submissions are invited.
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