Chapters 6 and 7.
Chapter 6.
The Advocates
Leah Center Word Wizard
Carlos Zeledon Discussion Director
Jessica Walsh Quiz
Marie Blake Fact Formulator
Jennifer Simmons Cyber Citer
Chapter 6
3/17/05
Vocabulary for Chapter 6
Concept Development- The acquisition of the set of semantic markers for a given word.
Percepts- Organization of sensory input.
Action Schemas- Organizations built around movement, change, and manipulation.
Rich Interpretation- Using word order and context to interpret children's meaning gives children maximum credit for knowing precisely what they mean in early cryptic or telegraphic utterances.
Semantic Meaning- What speakers use to make perceptual and conceptual sense out of their world.
Pragmatic Meaning- Speaking to fill some functions; relates words to people. (p. 78)
Discussion Director
1.Object permanence is essential for the child to develop individuated terms since they must have some conception of the permanence of recurring objects.
2.Children must be able to organize reality into conceptual categories so that they can communicate.
3.Rich experiences, (especially active) are important for a child's language development since much of the child's perceptual organization of reality is based on actions the child performs on objects rather than on passive observation.
Quiz Questions
1. The idea that words have referents in the real world that stand for things is called __________.
Answer: Definition
2. Young children obtain a set of organized concepts or categories referring to aspects of the environment. These concepts arise from the child's ______________.
- precepts
- intelligence
- individuality
- experience
Answer: d
3. True or False: Children use words that are associated with static or immovable objects sooner than they use words for dynamic relationships.
Answer: False
4. In this particular utterance stage, a child conventionalizes a term so that anyone can now understand it. The child's mother no longer has to respond with a meaningful concept. This stage is called:
- Presyntactic Stage
- Nonstandard Word Stage
- Single Word Stage
Answer: c
Fact Formulator
-Before acquiring language, a child must develop object permanence.
-Children's language is meaningful, even if the words themselves do not make sense or are not even words.
-They are learning what language can accomplish in their world, which sparks an interest to learn more about language.
-Semantic meaning is a relation between words and concepts of reality.
-Pragmatic meaning is a relation between words and people.
-Yes, children's language is meaningful.
Data Stamp
jsimmon jsimmon@uark.edu
Thursday, March 17, 2005 3:53 pm
fbowles@uark.edu
chapter 6
Chapter 7.
THE DYNASTY
Class section 2
Amber - Cyber Citer
Kerri - Word Wizard
Rebecca - Fact Formulator
Tiffany - Quiz Questor
Discussion Director
Chapter 7
Summary
Chapter 7 talks about the development of syntax in children's language. Children start out with one- word utterances then work their way into multi- word utterances. Once they become experts with the multiple word sentence structures, they have what is called adult syntax. Child syntax and adult syntax are different because child syntax consists of five stages of development and adult syntax has grammatical intuition.
Vocabulary
- Semantic meaning - relationship between words and sentences and what they symbolize
- Pragmatic meaning - relates words to people
- Syntax - sentence structure
- Holophrases - little sentences
- Pivot grammar - grammar with two classes nouns and mixed bag of everything else.
- Generative transformational grammar - assumes people use some abstract notions of sentence structure that are not closely tied to meaning.
- Semantic relations - use of language to reflect what they have learned about how objects, events, and people combine to make meanings.
- Case grammar - linguistic analysis of semantic roles
- Semantic roles - agent and patient
- Linguistic competence - intuitive knowledge about grammar
- Surface structure - the sentence you see or hear from one word to the next
- Deep structure - underlying meaning of the sentence
- Phrase structure rules - rules of syntax
- Proposition - idea units
- Prediction - when figure and background make sense only in terms of each other
Facts
 Linguists distinguish between competence and performance.
The syntax of language has 2 levels- surface structure and deep structure.
The syntax of sentences is best described by rules.
Phrase structure rules describe deep structure and transformational rules describe the operations performed on deep structures to obtain surface structures.
Children begin speaking by uttering single words.
The words and contextual cues add up to a full-sentence meaning.
With the start of multi-word utterances, development of syntax unfolds rapidly.
Some of the theorists argue that such rapid development is possible only because children possess grammatical structures as part of their biological make up.
Syntax unfolds in children as a natural consequence of their perceptual- conceptual abilities.
Several key points about children's syntax:
- Children's earliest word combinations are probably a reflection of their semantic structures rather than an indicator about how much they know about syntax
- The 1st indication of grammatical knowledge can be seen when children begin to apply morphological endings to words.
- Later stages of language development reflect the child's increasing competence with syntax.
Quiz Questions
1. How do children begin speaking?
a. By uttering single words
2. Give an example of overgeneralization.
a. A child thinks that all furry four legged creatures are dogs.
3. T or F- A child's early combination of words are a reflection of how much they know about syntax
a. False
4. What is stage I of the child syntax?
a. Semantic roles and grammatical relations
5. What are the two items that linguists distinguish between?
a. Competence and performance
Data Stamp
anthomp@uark.edu
Thursday, March 17, 2005 8:24 pm
Freddie Bowles - Lang Develp/edu fbowles@uark.edu
Ch 7 Reading Group Dynasty Sec 2
*This is the next step toward THE One World Language.
Step Eighty-Four: *Your teacher's license in cold storage.
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